Trio: Enabling Sustainable and Scalable Outdoor Wireless Sensor Network Deployments

Source

Information Processing In Sensor Networks archive Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks table of contents Nashville, Tennessee, USA SESSION: SPOTS'06 session 2--sensor network testbeds table of contents Pages: 407 - 415 Year of Publication: 2006 ISBN:1-59593-334-4

Authors

Prabal Dutta UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California Jonathan Hui UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California and Arched Rock Corporation, Berkeley, California Jaein Jeong UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California Sukun Kim UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California Cory Sharp Moteiv Corporation, Berkeley, California Jay Taneja UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California Gilman Tolle UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California and Arched Rock Corporation, Berkeley, California Kamin Whitehouse UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California David Culler UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California and Arched Rock Corporation, Berkeley, California

ABSTRACT
We present the philosophy, design, and initial evaluation of the Trio Testbed, a new outdoor sensor network deployment that consists of 557 solar-powered motes, seven gateway nodes, and a root server. The testbed covers an area of approximately 50,000 square meters and was in continuous operation during the last four months of 2005. This new testbed in one of the largest solar-powered outdoor sensor networks ever constructed and it offers a unique platform on which both systems and application software can be tested safely at scale. The testbed is based on Trio, a new mote platform that provides sustainable operation, enables efficient in situ interaction, and supports fail-safe programming. The motivation behind this testbed was to evaluate robust multi-target tracking algorithms at scale. However, using the testbed has stressed the system software, networking protocols, and management tools in ways that have exposed subtle but serious weaknesses that were never discovered using indoor testbeds or smaller deployments. We have been iteratively improving our support software, with the eventual aim of creating a stable hardware-software platform for sustainable, scalable, and flexible testbed deployments.

http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~whitehouse/research/tracking/dutta06nestfe.pdf

TinySec: A Link Layer Security Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks

Source	Conference On Embedded Networked Sensor Systems archive Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems table of contents Baltimore, MD, USA SESSION: Services table of contents Pages: 162 - 175 Year of Publication: 2004 ISBN:1-58113-879-2
Authors	Chris Karlof University of California at Berkeley Naveen Sastry University of California at Berkeley David Wagner University of California at Berkeley

ABSTRACT
We introduce TinySec, the first fully-implemented link layer security architecture for wireless sensor networks. In our design, we leverage recent lessons learned from design vulnerabilities in security protocols for other wireless networks such as 802.11b and GSM. Conventional security protocols tend to be conservative in their security guarantees, typically adding 16--32 bytes of overhead. With small memories, weak processors, limited energy, and 30 byte packets, sensor networks cannot afford this luxury. TinySec addresses these extreme resource constraints with careful design; we explore the tradeoffs among different cryptographic primitives and use the inherent sensor network limitations to our advantage when choosing parameters to find a sweet spot for security, packet overhead, and resource requirements. TinySec is portable to a variety of hardware and radio platforms. Our experimental results on a 36 node distributed sensor network application clearly demonstrate that software based link layer protocols are feasible and efficient, adding less than 10% energy, latency, and bandwidth overhead.

http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~daw/papers/tinysec-sensys04.pdf

VigilNet: An Integrated Sensor Network System for Energy-Efficient Surveillance

Source

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN) archive Volume 2 , Issue 1 (February 2006) table of contents Pages: 1 - 38 Year of Publication: 2006 ISSN:1550-4859

Authors

Tian He University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA Sudha Krishnamurthy University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA Liqian Luo University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA Ting Yan University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA Lin Gu University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA Radu Stoleru University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA Gang Zhou University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA Qing Cao University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA Pascal Vicaire University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA John A. Stankovic University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA Tarek F. Abdelzaher University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA Jonathan Hui Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA Bruce Krogh Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA

ABSTRCT
This article describes one of the major efforts in the sensor network community to build an integrated sensor network system for surveillance missions. The focus of this effort is to acquire and verify information about enemy capabilities and positions of hostile targets. Such missions often involve a high element of risk for human personnel and require a high degree of stealthiness. Hence, the ability to deploy unmanned surveillance missions, by using wireless sensor networks, is of great practical importance for the military. Because of the energy constraints of sensor devices, such systems necessitate an energy-aware design to ensure the longevity of surveillance missions. Solutions proposed recently for this type of system show promising results through simulations. However, the simplified assumptions they make about the system in the simulator often do not hold well in practice, and energy consumption is narrowly accounted for within a single protocol. In this article, we describe the design and implementation of a complete running system, called VigilNet, for energy-efficient surveillance. The VigilNet allows a group of cooperating sensor devices to detect and track the positions of moving vehicles in an energy-efficient and stealthy manner. We evaluate VigilNet middleware components and integrated system extensively on a network of 70 MICA2 motes. Our results show that our surveillance strategy is adaptable and achieves a significant extension of network lifetime. Finally, we share lessons learned in building such an integrated sensor system.

http://www.cse.psu.edu/~gcao/teach/598/VigilNet-TOSN.pdf

Ultra-low power data storage for sensor networks

Source	Information Processing In Sensor Networks archive Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks table of contents Nashville, Tennessee, USA POSTER SESSION: SPOTS track table of contents Pages: 374 - 381 Year of Publication: 2006 ISBN:1-59593-334-4
Authors	Gaurav Mathur University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Peter Desnoyers University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Deepak Ganesan University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Prashant Shenoy University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA

ABSTRACT
Local storage is required in many sensor network applications, both for archival of detailed event information, as well as to overcome sensor platform memory constraints. While extensive measurement studies have been performed to highlight the trade-off between computation and communication in sensor networks, the role of storage has received little attention. The storage subsystems on currently available sensor platforms have not exploited technology trends, and consequently the energy cost of storage on these platforms is as high as that of communication. Current flash memories, however, offer a low-priced, high-capacity and extremely energy-efficient storage solution.In this paper, we perform a comprehensive evaluation of the active and sleep-mode energy consumption of available flash-based storage options for sensor platforms. Our results demonstrate more than a 100-fold decrease in per-byte energy consumption for surface-mount parallel NAND flash in comparison with the MicaZ on-board serial flash. In addition, this dramatically reduces storage energy costs relative to communication, introducing a new dimension in traditional computation vs communication trade-offs. Our results have significant ramifications on the design of sensor platforms as well as on the energy consumption of sensing applications. We quantify the potential energy gains for two commonly used sensor network services: communication and in-network data aggregation. Our measurements show significant improvements in each service: 50-fold and up to 10-fold reductions in energy for communication and data aggregation respectively.

http://none.cs.umass.edu/papers/pdf/IPSN_SPOTS06.pdf